CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES: A BALANCING ACT FOR PAKISTAN

Abstract

This article explores Pakistan’s strategic positioning between China and the United States amid evolving geopolitical dynamics, particularly after the May 2025 Indo-Pak conflict. It argues that Pakistan’s military and technological edge—bolstered by deep-rooted defence cooperation with China—redefined regional balances and enhanced its global stature. Historically, Pakistan has pursued a balancing policy between the U.S. and China, benefiting from American aid in the 1950s–60s and aligning with China post-1962. Despite cyclical downturns in U.S.-Pakistan ties—especially after nuclear sanctions and post-Afghanistan disengagement—China has consistently remained a reliable partner. The article critiques India’s influence on U.S. policy toward Pakistan and rebuffs the notion of a binary choice between Washington and Beijing. It calls for leveraging renewed U.S. engagement under Trump, strengthening economic and defence ties while safeguarding strategic cooperation with China, particularly through CPEC. Ultimately, the article advocates for a confident, multipolar foreign policy vision where Pakistan asserts itself as a major power, harmonising relations with both global giants without compromising national interests.

Bibliography Entry

Khan, Ambassador (Retired) Sardar Masood. 2025. "China and the United States: A Balancing Act for Pakistan." Strategic Thought (7): 107-116.